02+Org+Analysis+Structure+Culture

=== Organizational analysis and planning focuses on cultivating and maintaining an efficient workforce through the design and structure of an organization, as well as the relationships and behavior of individuals within organizations. Specifically, organizational analysis is concerned with developing models and theories that accurately capture the functioning and development of organizations and that account for the ways in which organizations respond to and bring about changes. **__Organizational planning, on the other hand, involves designing an organization's structure and dividing up the responsibilities of an organization.__** The goals of organizational analysis and planning typically have been to determine the best way to view and organize a company in order to manage it successfully and to bring about greater efficiency. ===

//__** SWOT Analysis: **__//

2_ to identify opportunities and threats because of the external environment/ factors.
=== In each step of the organization`s life we have to identify the strengths and weaknesses that faces the org. The opportunities arise from the weaknesses. When we correct the weaknesses in a good way we will have a good opportunities to take of, also when we fail of maintaining the strengths we will have threat that affect the growth of this org. ===

__Organizational Structure__

The formal system of task and authority relationship that controls how people are to cooperate and use resources to achieve the organization __GOALS__.
=== The principle purpose of organizational structure is one of control: to control the way people coordinate their actions to achieve organizational goals and to control the means used to motivate people to achieve these goals. The org. structure is a response to contingencies involving environment, tech, and human resources. ===

=== An //organizational structure// consists of activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment. ===

=== Organizational structure determines the division of work between the workers and coordination of official channels and chain of command. It sits organizational relations within their situation organizes and defines responsibilities. ===

=== It collects all functional specialization in a single department, it means that the employees within the financial divisions tend to perform a specialized set of tasks, each employee also benefit from the experiences of his colleagues in the same specialty because they work in the same department or sector. ===

__The advantage__ of using this type is that it is economic, because everything is centralized so we do not need to store more and more of the workshop.

=== Also known as product structure the concept of this type is that it groups each organizational function into a division, each division contains all the necessary resources and functions inside this division. === === __Example__: a plant that makes producers or his manufacturers A and B are split company into two sections A and B and each sector is followed by all its services - almost - from the production, maintenance and financial and stores .... ===

=== The concept of this type is to group employees by both function and product, it uses teams of employees to accomplish work in order to take advantage of the strengths also make up for the weaknesses, of functional and decentralized forms. ===

=== An example would be a company that produces two products, "product a" and "product b". Using the matrix structure, this company would organize functions within the company as follows: "product a" sales department, "product a" customer service department, "product a" accounting, "product b" sales department, "product b" customer service department, "product b" accounting department. ===

=== __The disadvantage__ of this type is the difficulty of the organization of work for workers who follow the two main features, but it collects a lot of the advantages of both the organization and sector. ===

=== Is an org. of non-elected officials of a government or org. who implement the rules, laws. and functions of their institution. It deals with workers like machines and have a certain degree of standardization. ===

=== Is used in two senses in the organizational literature: one generic and one much more specific. The term Post-bureaucratic is often used to describe a range of ideas. This may include total quality management, culture management, and matrix. ===

=== //Elements of organizational structure give companies effective and efficient ways to run their businesses, manage their employees and ensure that tasks are completed. Elements such as work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization, decentralization and formalization make up organizational structure. Each element impacts how employees interact with each other to accomplish company goals and objectives.// ===

=== Use to describe the degree to which activities in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. Work specialization ensures that each employee has a set of specific duties they're expected to perform based on their work experience, education and skills ===

=== The departmentalization element breaks down how jobs are grouped together to create departments. Departments are created based on the types of jobs employees perform, the products or brands they're assigned to, geographical locations or customer need. ===

=== In a company, each employee is expected to report to one manager, rather than to several. Mangers are responsible for assigning tasks, informing employees of expectations and deadlines and offering motivation. Managers are also available to answer job-related questions from employees and handle conflicts within their departments. Employees are responsible for completing duties assigned to them by their manager accurately and in a timely fashion. ===

=== Span of control suggests how many employees each manager can handle within an organization. This element of organizational structure also outlines the number of mangers an organization needs, which is typically determined based on the number of employees and departments a company has. ===

=== *In a centralized organization, all decisions are made by top-level managers such as the chief executive officer, chief operating officer and chief marketing officer. Centralization leaves department managers with little to no input. This system is typical in larger, corporate organizations. ===

=== Formalization is the element that outlines employee roles within a workplace, as defined by the rules and guidelines developed by management. Formalization determines whether employees have to sign in and out upon __arriving and exiting the office, frequency and length of breaks, computer usage and dress code__ __.__ ===

d-In smaller companies, the team structure can define the entire organization.
=== e-In larger organizations, the team structure complements what is typically a bureaucracy. Team structure enhances the efficiency of bureaucracy standardization by adding the flexibility that teams bring. ===

1-The essence of the virtual organization is that it is typically a small, core organization that outsources major business functions:

 * === Also referred to as modular or network organization ===
 * === It is highly centralized, with little or no departmentalization. ===

1- Available technology:
=== The knowledge or tech. of how work is to be performed affected how we organize.The repetitive and mechanical work requires high formalization, specialization, and division of labor. If the work is creative like researches -->creativity is required and the org. is not formalization, division of labor is not clear and decision making is highly decentralized. ===

2- Organization's size:
=== Number of personnel, outputs, resources or capacity provide measures of an org. size. When the org. keep growing the size of it will increase this leads Re-coordination so this could happened in small groups in the org. according to this we need division of labor and more specialization in the sectors to do the Re-coordination. ===

3- Organization's Strategy:
=== Business strategies can also be a factor in a company& liquors organizational structure development. High-growth companies usually have smaller organizational structures so they can react to changes in the business environment quicker than other companies. Business owners may also be reluctant to give up managerial control in business operations. Small businesses still looking to define their business strategy often delay creating an organizational structure. Business owners are usually more interested in setting business strategies rather than developing and implementing an internal business structure. ===

__Organizational Culture__

**Elements of Positive Org. Culture:**
 1- Amiability.  2- Job autonomy.  3-Degree of structure.  4-Recognition and rewards.  5- Opportunities for personal growth.  6- Tolerance for risk and change.  7-Response to concerns

1- Behavior. 2- Communication. 3- Productivity, org. performance.

How to Building and Maintain a positive culture?

Benefits of respecting diversity:
===1- Creates employee loyalty. 2- Boosts employee moralen Decreases absenteeism and turnover. 3- Improves organization’s productivityn Generates a greater variety of creative ideas and solutions ===

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